Telecommunications and networks

Telecommunications and networking are essential elements in communicating using today's electronics technology. However there are many technologies that are in use ranging from the traditional telephones, often referred to as POTS (Plain Old Telephone System) to the more up to date technologies including Ethernet, ADSL, Voice over IP, Mobile IP and many more.

Telecommunications Systems
There is a wide variety of different standards and technologies that are used for telecommunications systems, from POTS (Plain Old Telephone System) through standards such as ISDN to DSL and ADSL.
- Basics of ISDN
- Basics of E1
- Basics of Asynchronous Transfer Mode, ATM
- Basics of the Erlang the unit for measuring voice capacity on a telephone circuit

Telecommunications and networking transmission media
The telecommunications and data networking industries have been revolutionisgsed by the use of fibre optics technology. IT allows data to be transmitted over greater distances and with greater bandwidth.
- Fibre optic data transmission technology for telecommunications and data networking
    - Optical fibre - the keystone of fibre optics technology
    - Fibre optic connectors
    - Fibre optic splicing
    - Fibre optic transmitters
    - Fibre optic receivers

Networking and Communications Standards
Networking is now well established as a topic in its own right. Many standards have been introduced including RS232, RS422 ... Ethernet, and many more.
- Basics of Ethernet
        - Cable types used for the different Ethernet variants
        - 100Base-T Ethernet
        - Gigabit Ethernet (1 GE)
        - 10 Gigabit Ethernet (10 GE or 10 GbE)
        - Ethernet switches
        - Ethernet routers
        - Ethernet hubs and repeaters
        - Power over Ethernet

- Overview of the serial data standards including RS-232, RS422, and RS-485
        - Basics of RS-232 serial data transmission standard
        - Codes for software handshaking on RS-232
        - RS232 signals and voltage levels
        - RS232 pin outs
        - RS-422 for high speed serial data transmission
        - The current loop technique used for serial data transmisson
        - RS-485 for high speed serial data transmission and the ability for multiple transmitters and receivers
        - RS-449 for high speed serial data transmission up to 2 Mbps

Telecommunications and networking applications
There are many applications that can be used over telecommunications, local area and wide area networks. The number is growing as the use of these systems grows to meet the demand of today's communications requirements.
- Mobile IP
- Voice over IP, VoIP
    - - VoIP protocols
    - - VoIP testing
- IP Multimedia Subsystem, IMS

Telecommunications and networks protocols
There is a large number of different protocols used to enable telecommunications networks to carry the data in a controlled fashion.
- SIP - Session Initiation Protocol

Networking and Communications Codes
- Table of ASCII codes